閥門（valve）是流體輸送系統(tǒng)中的控制部件，具有截止、調(diào)節(jié)、導(dǎo)流、防止逆流、穩(wěn)壓、分流或溢流泄壓等功能。

　　A valve is a control component in a fluid delivery system, which has functions such as shut-off, regulation, diversion, prevention of backflow, stabilization, diversion, or overflow pressure relief.

　　一般來說，閥門基本都為順時(shí)針關(guān)逆時(shí)針開，或者叫左開右關(guān)。先普及一下閥門開關(guān)知識(shí)：因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人習(xí)慣使用右手,使用右手操作時(shí)順時(shí)針擰比逆時(shí)針擰會(huì)更容易,因此無論從節(jié)能還是安全方面考慮開關(guān)逆時(shí)針為開，順時(shí)針為關(guān)相對更合理。

　　Generally speaking, valves are closed clockwise and opened counterclockwise, or left open and right closed. Let's first popularize the knowledge of valve switches: because most people are accustomed to using their right hand, it is easier to turn clockwise than counterclockwise when operating with their right hand. Therefore, whether from the perspective of energy saving or safety, it is more reasonable to turn the switch counterclockwise to open and clockwise to close.

　　此外，我國閥門材料中用的螺桿大部分都是右旋的，這樣加工方便。

　　In addition, most of the screws used in valve materials in China are right-handed, which makes processing convenient.

　　像帶有手輪的，上面就會(huì)有方向箭頭或者O→S標(biāo)識(shí)（O是開、S是關(guān)）。

　　Like those with a handwheel, there will be directional arrows or O → S markings on them (O is on, S is off).

　　看到這，大家可能笑了，閥門開關(guān)還用教嗎？? 您還別笑，還真有開關(guān)錯(cuò)誤的，往往最簡單的事情也往往會(huì)最容易出錯(cuò)。

　　Seeing this, everyone may laugh. Do we still need to teach valve switches?? Don't laugh, there are indeed switch errors, and even the simplest things are often the easiest to make mistakes.

　　閥門都是順時(shí)針關(guān)嗎？

　　Are all valves closed in a clockwise manner?

　　還真有例外的情況！比如氧氣瓶、氫氣瓶、氮?dú)馄康鹊臏p壓閥就是順時(shí)針開，逆時(shí)針關(guān)。高壓氧氣瓶口角閥順時(shí)針打開逆時(shí)針關(guān)；高壓氧氣瓶出口減壓閥順時(shí)針壓力增大，逆時(shí)針壓力減?。P(guān)）。翻體的出氣口背面，裝有安全裝置。斷使用氧氣時(shí)，將手輪逆時(shí)針方向漩轉(zhuǎn)，是開啟氧氣閥門。旋轉(zhuǎn)手輪時(shí)，淤桿也隨之轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，再通過開關(guān)片使活豹一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，造成活門向上或向下移知。活門向上移動(dòng)，開啟瓶內(nèi)的取氣從出氣口噴出?；铋T向下壓緊時(shí)，由于活門內(nèi)嵌有用尼龍材料制成的氣門墊，因此可以使活門密閉。瓶閥活門上下移動(dòng)的范圍為1. 5-3mm。工作原理氧氣吸入器由壓力表、減壓閥和安全閥、流量計(jì)、流量控制閥、潮化瓶幾部分構(gòu)成 。高壓氧氣通過減壓閥減壓，由原來的高壓氧氣變?yōu)榈蛪貉鯕?，再?jīng)流量計(jì)進(jìn)入潮化瓶，潮化處理后按恒定流量值由低壓氧輸出口輸出，供病人進(jìn)行氧氣吸入，流量值大小通過流量控制器進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。

　　There are really exceptions! For example, the pressure reducing valves of oxygen cylinders, hydrogen cylinders, nitrogen cylinders, etc. open clockwise and close counterclockwise. Open the angle valve of the high-pressure oxygen cylinder clockwise and close it counterclockwise; The pressure reducing valve at the outlet of the high-pressure oxygen cylinder increases clockwise and decreases counterclockwise (closes). The back of the air outlet of the flipping body is equipped with a safety device. When using oxygen, turn the handwheel counterclockwise to open the oxygen valve. When the handwheel is rotated, the sludge rod also rotates, and then the live leopard rotates together through the switch plate, causing the valve to move up or down. The valve moves upward, opening the bottle to extract air and spray it out from the outlet. When the valve is pressed downwards, the valve gasket made of nylon material embedded in the valve can make the valve sealed. The range of up and down movement of the bottle valve valve is 1 5-3mm. The working principle of an oxygen inhaler consists of a pressure gauge, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a flow meter, a flow control valve, and a humidification bottle. High pressure oxygen is reduced by a pressure reducing valve, transforming from high-pressure oxygen to low-pressure oxygen. It then enters the humidification bottle through a flow meter and undergoes humidification treatment. After humidification, it is output from the low-pressure oxygen output port at a constant flow rate for patients to inhale oxygen. The flow rate is adjusted by a flow controller.

　　再比如有些滑閥、蝶閥等特殊類閥門由于安裝位置等原因，存在順時(shí)針為開，逆時(shí)針為關(guān)的情況。特殊閥門一般都是反的，這個(gè)在開關(guān)時(shí)候需要注意。由于安裝位置不當(dāng)，操作人員必須注意這些細(xì)節(jié)問題。細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗，大意不得。一般特殊類閥門都會(huì)在明顯位置標(biāo)注上開關(guān)方向，有的地方還在特殊閥門處貼了相關(guān)的操作規(guī)程，防止誤操作。

　　For example, some special types of valves such as slide valves and butterfly valves may have clockwise opening and counterclockwise closing due to installation location and other reasons. Special valves are usually reversed, which needs to be noted when opening and closing. Due to improper installation location, operators must pay attention to these details. Details determine success or failure, and carelessness is not allowed. Generally, special valves are marked with the direction of the switch in a prominent position, and in some places, relevant operating procedures are also posted at the location of the special valve to prevent accidental operation.

　　事故案例--閥門越關(guān)，溫度越漲，太嚇人了！

　　Accident case - The closer the valve is closed, the higher the temperature rises, it's too scary!

　　在一次夜班凌晨2點(diǎn)催化開工兩器升溫的時(shí)候，汽（液化氣）火已改為油（燃料油）火，主控室內(nèi)操一看兩器溫度往上漲，就用對講機(jī)喊外面的操作人員關(guān)火。

　　At 2am during a night shift, when the catalytic converter started heating up two units, the gas (liquefied gas) fire had been changed to oil (fuel oil) fire. When the operator in the main control room saw that the temperature of the two units was rising, he used the intercom to call the operators outside to turn off the fire.

　　控制油火的閥門是一針型閥（稍動(dòng)一點(diǎn)，溫度就變化很快），閥柄是朝下的。

　　The valve for controlling oil and fire is a one needle valve (with a slight movement, the temperature changes quickly), and the valve handle is facing downwards.

　　外操順時(shí)針關(guān)了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，后就問內(nèi)操情況。內(nèi)操說還在漲，而且漲的很快，外面就繼續(xù)關(guān)閥。

　　The external exercise turned off slightly clockwise, and then asked about the internal exercise situation. The internal operation said that it is still rising, and it is rising rapidly, so the valve will continue to close outside.

　　結(jié)果溫度一直漲到1000度，再往上儀表都超過量程，趨勢不顯示了。

　　As a result, the temperature kept rising to 1000 degrees, and the instrument exceeded the range even further, and the trend did not show.

　　班長從操作時(shí)出來，逆時(shí)針關(guān)小了閥門!溫度在儀表趨勢上才開始顯示下降......

　　The class monitor came out from the operation and closed the valve counterclockwise! The temperature only starts to show a decrease on the instrument trend .....

　　事后再生器打開人孔，發(fā)現(xiàn)主風(fēng)分布管已給燒塌了。

　　Afterwards, the regenerator opened the manhole and found that the main air distribution pipe had been burnt down.

　　往往最簡單的事情也往往也最容易出錯(cuò)，事故初步判斷是人員把閥門開關(guān)錯(cuò)誤，特別是當(dāng)時(shí)閥門的閥柄是朝下的，操作人員夜間頭腦不清晰，加上慌張，開錯(cuò)了閥門。

　　The simplest things are often the easiest to make mistakes. The initial judgment of the accident is that the personnel opened and closed the valve incorrectly, especially when the valve handle was facing downwards. The operator's mind was unclear at night, coupled with panic, and the wrong valve was opened.

　　其實(shí)這僅僅是閥門倒著安裝，自己慌亂中沒有意識(shí)到開關(guān)方向的轉(zhuǎn)變而已。

　　In fact, this is just installing the valve upside down, without realizing the change in the direction of the switch in my panic.

　　但是真的有閥門的開關(guān)方向是“順時(shí)針為開，逆時(shí)針為關(guān)”

　　But there are really valves with a switch direction of "clockwise for open, counterclockwise for closed"

　　有些特殊閥門由于很關(guān)鍵需要“順時(shí)針為開，逆時(shí)針為關(guān)”

　　Some special valves require "clockwise to open, counterclockwise to close" due to their critical nature

　　3FCCtaofeng:常規(guī)閥門以順時(shí)針關(guān)，逆時(shí)針開最為常見。催化裝置常見的滑閥、蝶閥等特閥由于安裝位置的原因，存在順時(shí)針開，逆時(shí)針關(guān)的設(shè)置。

　　3FCCtaofeng: Conventional valves are most commonly closed clockwise and opened counterclockwise. Due to the installation position, common special valves such as slide valves and butterfly valves in catalytic devices are set to open clockwise and close counterclockwise.

　　煉油工人:我們裝置氣壓機(jī)入口放火炬閥的現(xiàn)場手輪就是反向的，順時(shí)針開，逆時(shí)針關(guān)。

　　Refiner worker: The on-site handwheel for the flare valve at the inlet of our pneumatic compressor is reversed, opening clockwise and counterclockwise

　Close it.

　　sdwfsgyykai:石化常規(guī)閥的開關(guān)都是“順時(shí)針關(guān)、逆時(shí)針開”的也算是行業(yè)的通用準(zhǔn)則把

　　Sdwfsgyykai: The switch of conventional valves in petrochemicals is "clockwise needle closed, counterclockwise open", which is also a common industry standard

　　冰封雪上:說起閥門開關(guān) 記得在剛進(jìn)入行業(yè)的時(shí)候和同事一起去一個(gè)催化裝置學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)時(shí)他們的主操讓去關(guān)閉預(yù)熱鍋爐汽包補(bǔ)水閥，因?yàn)殚y門漏量，汽包水位上升，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)的同事二話沒說就去現(xiàn)場把除氧器補(bǔ)水閥給關(guān)了，然后除氧器液位下降，而汽包液位還在上升，主操發(fā)現(xiàn)估計(jì)是關(guān)錯(cuò)閥門了現(xiàn)場一看確實(shí)是關(guān)錯(cuò)。

　　Ice covered Snow: When it comes to valve switches, remember going to a catalytic device with colleagues to learn when we first entered the industry. At that time, their main operator asked to close the preheating boiler steam drum water replenishment valve. Due to valve leakage, the water level in the steam drum rose. Without hesitation, our colleagues who were studying together went to the site to close the deaerator water replenishment valve. Then the deaerator liquid level decreased while the steam drum liquid level continued to rise. The main operator found that it was probably the wrong valve to close, and upon inspection, it was indeed the wrong one.

　　這個(gè)還是小事，如果是重要的閥門，本來要開，弄反了有可能就會(huì)造成停工的，所以一般新手，最好是弄明白了在干，干之前最好多想想。

　　This is still a small matter. If it is an important valve that was supposed to be opened, reversing it may cause a shutdown. Therefore, for beginners, it is best to understand before starting and think carefully before starting.

　　特殊閥門如何特殊對待呢?

　　How should special valves be treated differently?

　　liaifeng:特殊閥門一般都是反的，這個(gè)在開關(guān)時(shí)候需要注意!由于安裝位置不當(dāng)，操作人員也必須注意這些細(xì)節(jié)問題。細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗，石化行業(yè)大意不得!我們裝置一般都要在特閥上用記號(hào)筆在明顯位置標(biāo)注上開關(guān)方向。我們這里還在特殊閥門處貼了相關(guān)的操作規(guī)程，防止誤操作!

　　Lianfeng: Special valves are usually reversed, which needs to be noted when opening and closing! Due to improper installation location, operators must also pay attention to these details. Details determine success or failure, and the petrochemical industry must not be careless! Our device usually needs to use a marker pen to mark the switch direction in a prominent position on the special valve. We have also posted relevant operating procedures at the special valve to prevent accidental operation!

　　yuzp000:普通閥門需要日常的保養(yǎng)維護(hù)，這樣不管是順時(shí)針還是逆時(shí)針開關(guān)，都不需要F扳手開關(guān)，操作工很省力的，當(dāng)然最關(guān)鍵的保證安全是將閥門全部編上編號(hào)，這樣按照編號(hào)進(jìn)行操作就更不會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題(例如改流程從1.2.3.4.5.6,在退回來6.5.4.3.2.1，這樣的操作絕對不會(huì)出問題)。

　　YuzP000: Ordinary valves require daily maintenance and upkeep, so whether it is clockwise or counterclockwise opening and closing, there is no need for an F-wrench switch. The operator is very labor-saving, and of course, the most important thing to ensure safety is to label all valves with numbers. This way, operating according to the numbers will not cause problems (for example, changing the process from 1.2.3.4.5.6 to 6.5.4.3.2.1, this operation will definitely not have any problems).

　　特閥我們這邊都是有特定的操作規(guī)程和操作記錄的，操作的時(shí)候車間如果去不了現(xiàn)場，一般都是車間大班長或者技術(shù)人員到現(xiàn)場指導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督，防止出現(xiàn)問題。

　　We have specific operating procedures and records for special valves here. If the workshop cannot go to the site during operation, it is usually the workshop leader or technical personnel who come to the site to guide and supervise to prevent problems.

　　LQ198619:類似事情有很多，越是簡單的事情,越容易掉以輕心.

　　LQ198619: There are many similar things, and the simpler the thing, the easier it is to take it lightly

　　所以，化工廠里需要謹(jǐn)小慎微，不要陰溝里翻船哦!

　　So, in chemical plants, we need to be cautious and not capsize in the sewer!